Ijma (Rarrarawa) menene? Ya nau'i nawa ce?

Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Ijma wani tushen dalili ne a cikin shari'ar Musulunci. A ma'anar kalma, tana nufin "taruwa, yarjejeniya". A ma'anar istilahi, ita ce yarjejeniya ta masana shari'a (alimai masu zurfin ilimi a fannin shari'ar Musulunci) kan hukuncin wani al'amari, bayan rasuwar Annabi Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) a kowane zamani. Ana daukarsa a matsayin tushen dalili na uku, bayan Alkur'ani Mai Girma da Sunnah. Allah Ta'ala Yana cewa: "Kuma duk wanda ya saba wa Manzo, bayan da shiriya ta bayyana a gare shi, kuma ya bi wata hanya ba tare da hanyar Muminai ba, za Mu bar shi ga abin da ya tattara, kuma Mu shigar da shi Jahannama. Kuma tir da wannan makoma!" (Suratul Nisa, Aya ta 115). Wannan aya ta jaddada mahimmancin bin hanyar Muminai gaba daya, wanda hakan ma ya nuna Ijma. A bisa ga mazahabar Hanafi, ana daukarsa Ijma a matsayin dalili tabbatacce (dalili qat'i). Wannan yana nufin cewa duk wanda ya yi watsi da hukuncin da aka tabbatar da Ijma, hakan na iya fitar da shi daga addinin Musulunci. Kodayake akwai sabanin ra'ayi a tsakanin malaman fikihu kan nau'ikan Ijma, amma gaba daya ana nazarin su a karkashin manyan kan guda biyu: 1. Ijma Bayyananne (Ijma-i Sarih): Yarjejeniya ce ta malaman fikihu kan hukuncin wani al'amari ta hanyar bayyane da kuma ba tare da shakku ba. A wannan nau'in, kowane malami ya bayyana ra'ayinsa, kuma wadannan bayanan sun taru sun samar da yarjejeniya. 2. Ijma Ta Jimiri/Shiru (Ijma-i Sukuti): Lokacin da daya daga cikin malaman fikihu ya bayyana ra'ayinsa kan hukuncin wani al'amari, kuma sauran malaman fikihu ba su yi wani gardama ba, suka yi shiru. Ana fassara wannan shiru a matsayin amincewarsu ga wannan ra'ayin. Duk da haka, a mazahabar Hanafi, ana taka tsantsan kan Ijma ta jimiri a matsayin dalili, kuma ba a daukarta a matsayin tabbatacciya kamar Ijma bayyananne. Ina rokon Allah Madaukakin Sarki da ya sa wadannan bayanai su amfani. Wa alaykumussalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.