❓ Question
🏛️ HanafiWhat is Ijma? How many types are there?
📗 Ruling
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AI-Assisted Islamic Jurisprudence ReviewThis answer is compiled via AI research referencing authentic Sunni fiqh literature and Diyanet standards. For binding personal legal verdicts, please consult official Islamic authorities.
Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
Ijma is a source of evidence in Islamic jurisprudence. In terms of its literal meaning, it means "to come together, to agree." In technical terms, it is the consensus of the mujtahids (scholars with deep knowledge of Islamic law) in any era on the ruling of a matter after the passing of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ijma is considered the third source of evidence after the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. Allah Almighty says: "And whoever contends with the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers, We will give him what he has taken and drive him into Hell, and evil it is as a destination." (Surah An-Nisa, Ayah 115). This verse emphasizes the necessity of following the general path of the believers, which points to Ijma.
According to the Hanafi school of thought, Ijma is considered definitive proof (qat'i dalil). This means that denying a ruling established by Ijma can take a person out of the fold of Islam.
Although there are different opinions among scholars regarding the types of Ijma, it is generally examined under two main categories:
1. Explicit Ijma (Ijma-i Sarih): This is when mujtahids explicitly and unequivocally agree on the ruling of a matter. It is of this type when each mujtahid expresses their opinion, and these expressions come together to form a consensus.
2. Implicit Ijma (Ijma-i Sukuti): This is when one of the mujtahids expresses their opinion on the ruling of a matter, and the other mujtahids do not object to this opinion, remaining silent. This silence is interpreted as their approval of that opinion. However, in the Hanafi school of thought, caution is exercised regarding whether implicit Ijma constitutes evidence, and it is not considered as definitive as explicit Ijma.
I pray to Allah Almighty that this information is beneficial.
Wa alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
✓ Scholarly Islamic Sources & Editorial Verification📅 Scholarly Verification Date: November 2026
Jurisprudential Methodology & Sources: This ruling is derived in accordance with authentic Quranic verses, Sahih Hadith collections, classical fiqh authorities (al-Mabsut, al-Hidayah, al-Umm, Radd al-Muhtar), and reputable international Islamic scholarly consensus, followed by thorough editorial review.
⚖️ For personal, disputed legal, marital, or complex financial matters, consulting a local qualified Islamic mufti or accredited council is advised.